AND Function in Excel (5 Easy Examples)

If you want to check whether two or more conditions are all true at the same time, the AND function is what you are looking for. It is one of those quiet workhorses you end up pairing with IF in almost every formula that tests multiple criteria.

AND always returns a single TRUE or FALSE, so for per-row checks across a range in Excel 365 you multiply the conditions like (cond1)*(cond2) instead of using AND directly.

In this article, I will show you how AND works with five practical examples, from the basic boolean output all the way to the per-row array pattern.

Table of Contents

AND Function Syntax in Excel

The AND function tests a list of conditions and returns TRUE only when every single one of them is met.

=AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)

logical1, logical2, ...: the conditions to test. You can pass up to 255. AND returns TRUE only if every argument is TRUE. If any one is FALSE, the whole function returns FALSE.

When to Use AND Function

AND is useful any time you need to confirm that multiple criteria are all met at once. Common scenarios:

Test two or more conditions together and get a single TRUE or FALSE
Nest inside IF to return a label or value only when all criteria pass
Check whether a number falls between two values (the classic “between” pattern)
Drive conditional formatting rules that require multiple conditions to be met
Power a data validation rule that lets a value through only when it clears every check

Example 1: What AND Returns on Its Own

Let’s start with the basics so you can see exactly what AND gives back before pairing it with anything else.

Below is the dataset with employee names in column A, their performance scores in column B, and their attendance percentages in column C. Column D is where the result goes.

And Function Dataset Example 1: Excel table with employee names, scores, attendance percentages, and empty result column

We want to know whether each employee meets both the score threshold (70 or higher) and the attendance threshold (80% or higher). AND will return TRUE if both conditions pass, FALSE if either one fails.

Here is the formula:

=AND(B2>=70,C2>=80)

Excel formula bar showing AND(B2 data-lazy-src=

This checks whether B2 is at least 70 AND C2 is at least 80. Both must be true for the function to return TRUE.

Alice (82, 95%) gets TRUE because she clears both bars. Dave (65, 78%) gets FALSE because his score falls short of 70.

AND alone only ever returns a boolean. That is useful for a quick sanity check, but most of the time you will want a label instead of a raw TRUE or FALSE. The next example shows how to do that with the IF function.

Example 2: Pass or Fail With IF + AND

Here is the pattern you will use most often in real work.

Below is the dataset with student names in column A, Math scores in column B, Science scores in column C, and a Result column in D.

And Function Dataset Example 2 showing student names with math and science scores in Excel columns A through D

A student passes only when both Math and Science are 70 or above. We want the formula to write “Pass” or “Fail” automatically.

Here is the formula:

=IF(AND(B2>=70,C2>=70),"Pass","Fail")

Excel formula bar showing IF and AND functions to determine pass or fail status based on student test scores

How this formula works:

AND checks both score columns. If both are 70 or above, it returns TRUE.
IF receives that TRUE or FALSE. TRUE prints “Pass”, FALSE prints “Fail”.

Bella (91 Math, 67 Science) gets Fail because Science is below 70. George (68 Math, 70 Science) also fails because Math does not clear the threshold.

Fill the formula down column D and every student gets their own result.

If you are on Excel 365 and want one formula to fill the whole column at once, you can skip AND entirely and multiply the conditions:

=IF((B2:B8>=70)*(C2:C8>=70),"Pass","Fail")

That spills all seven results in a single step. Keep the fill-down version handy if you share the file with colleagues who are not on 365.

Example 3: Approve Loans With Three Conditions

Let’s step it up with a more complex use case.

Below is the dataset with loan applicants in column A, their credit scores in column B, annual income in column C, and existing debt in column D. Column E shows the decision.

Excel AND function dataset example 3 showing applicant credit scores, income, and debt levels for approval criteria

An application is approved only when the credit score is 700 or above, income is at least $60,000, and existing debt is $10,000 or less. All three must pass.

Here is the formula:

=IF(AND(B2>=700,C2>=60000,D2<=10000),"Approved","Denied")

Excel formula bar showing an IF and AND function used to determine loan approval based on credit, income, and debt

AND handles as many conditions as you need. Here it takes three at once. All three must be true for the application to clear.

Jade (750, $72,000, $5,000 debt) is Approved because she clears every check. Kevin (610, $55,000, $20,000 debt) is Denied because he misses all three.

Pro Tip: AND can take up to 255 conditions. In practice, if you find yourself piling on more than 4 or 5, consider whether a helper column or a structured table would make the logic easier to audit later.

Example 4: Check if a Number Is Between Two Values

Here is another practical scenario.

Below is the dataset with product names in column A, unit prices in column B, and an “In Target Range?” column in C.

Excel dataset showing product names and unit prices with an empty column for In Target Range results

The target price range is $10 to $20 inclusive. We want “Yes” for any product whose price lands in that range and “No” for anything outside it.

Here is the formula:

=IF(AND(B2>=10,B2<=20),"Yes","No")

Excel formula bar showing IF and AND functions to check if unit prices are between 10 and 20 for product data

Both conditions point to the same cell, B2. The first check confirms the price is not too low; the second confirms it is not too high. Both must be true for the product to land in range.

This “between two values” pattern is one of the most common uses of AND. Excel has no built-in BETWEEN function, so AND is the standard way to test a lower and an upper bound together. The greater than or equal to operator plays a starring role in both conditions here.

Widget A ($12.50) is Yes. Widget B ($8.00) is No because it falls below the $10 floor. Widget C ($25.00) is No because it exceeds the $20 ceiling.

Example 5: Per-Row Checks in 365 (the AND Array Gotcha)

This is a key thing to know if you are on Excel 365 and want one formula to handle an entire column.

Below is the dataset with sales rep names in column A, Q1 Sales in column B, Q2 Sales in column C, and a “Both >= 10,000?” column in D.

Excel AND function dataset with sales representative names and Q1/Q2 sales figures to test if both are data-lazy-src=

We want to flag each rep where both Q1 and Q2 sales hit $10,000 or more. The catch: =AND(B2:B7>=10000,C2:C7>=10000) does NOT give a result per row. AND collapses the entire array down to a single TRUE or FALSE, checking whether all values in the whole range pass. This same multiplication trick powers the Excel IF statement with multiple conditions pattern you may have seen elsewhere.

To get a result for each row, multiply the conditions instead:

=IF((B2:B7>=10000)*(C2:C7>=10000),"Both Met","Not Met")

Excel formula bar showing an IF function using an AND logic array to evaluate Q1 and Q2 sales data for meeting goals

How this formula works:

(B2:B7>=10000) returns an array of TRUE/FALSE for each row in Q1.
(C2:C7>=10000) does the same for Q2.
Multiplying them converts TRUE to 1 and FALSE to 0. A row only scores 1 when both conditions are met.
IF wraps the result: 1 becomes “Both Met”, 0 becomes “Not Met”.
The formula spills all six results at once, no fill-down needed.

Sam (15,000 / 18,000) gets “Both Met”. Tara (12,000 / 9,500) gets “Not Met” because Q2 falls short.

Pro Tip: AND collapses an array to a single TRUE or FALSE. It does not evaluate row by row. To get per-row results across a range in Excel 365, multiply the conditions like (cond1)*(cond2) or fill an IF(AND()) formula down each row the traditional way.

Tips and Common Mistakes

AND alone gives only TRUE or FALSE. If you want a label or a value, wrap it inside IF. Writing =AND(B2>=70,C2>=80) on its own is fine for a quick check, but you will almost always want =IF(AND(...), "Yes", "No") in a real workbook.
AND does not do per-row array math. Feeding AND a range like B2:B7>=10000 collapses everything to one answer. Use the multiplication pattern (cond1)*(cond2) when you need a result for each row in Excel 365. The FILTER function uses this same pattern natively when filtering on multiple AND criteria.
Empty cells and text are treated as FALSE. If a cell in your range is blank or holds text, AND treats it as a failed condition. Make sure the cells you are testing actually contain values before running the formula.
OR is AND’s sibling for “any condition” logic. AND requires all conditions to be true. If you need any one of them to be true, swap in the OR function instead.
Conditional formatting works the same way. You can use =AND(B2>=70,C2>=80) directly as a custom formula rule in conditional formatting to highlight rows that meet all criteria. If you need to count rows where multiple AND conditions are met, the COUNTIFS function handles that with AND logic built in.

AND is a compact, reliable function. Use it inside IF any time multiple conditions need to be checked together, and reach for the multiplication pattern when you are working with a full column in Excel 365.

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